What+are+the+implications+of+holding+athletes+to+a+higher+standard+than+the+rest+of+the+student+body?

HIGH SCHOOL HAZING. (2009). Education Week, 28(29), 5. Retrieved December 1, 2013 from http://0www.lexisnexis.com.helin.uri.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=sr&csi=313401&sr=HLEAD(HIGH%20SCHOOL%20HAZING.)%20and%20date%20is%202009

 The 203-word editorial gives very short but precise information and statistics on students that have been hazed in high school. The news article does an excellent job with introducing the hazing facts and making it very clear that hazing occurs to many high school students before even attending college. The authors’ strong language makes the point very clear that hazing in high school is present and the facts shown in the article make hazing a problem. This leads to the discussion of how harmful hazing can be in a high school setting.  Even though the article refers to the dangers of high school hazing. There is no bar set for academic and athletic groups when it comes to hazing. No matter what group student will join, it seems there is always a type of hazing that is involved. Although the article only states facts, we can see that certain athletic and academic groups are set in a higher standard than the rest of the student body. This is obvious because students are willing to go through a hazing process, to be accepted into a certain group. In regards to of Rhode Island one should take note that the state law number 11-21-1. Sections A and B states the definition of hazing and the penalties a person will incur if caught hazing an individual. The facts in the article will help students and schools realize seriousness that hazing can bring.

Waldron, J. J., & Kowalski, C. L. (2009). Crossing the Line: Rites of Passage, Team Aspects, and Ambiguity of Hazing. Research Quarterly For Exercise & Sport, 80(2), 291-302. Waldron, J. J., & Kowalski, C. L. (2009). Crossing the Line: Rites of Passage, Team Aspects, and Ambiguity of Hazing. Research Quarterly For Exercise & Sport, 80(2), 291-302 Retrieved December 1, 2013 from http://0www.tandfonline.com.helin.uri.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/02701367.2009.10599564

 Jennifer J. Waldron and Christopher L. Kowalski do a very interesting research on hazing and high school students. They came up with a study that involved the use of individual interviews to comprehend the hazing experiences of former and current athletes. Throughout the study, there were three questions that helped guide Waldron and Kowalski’s to get a better understanding on an athlete that has been hazed. The three questions are: What do athletes experience with hazing? What are the consequences of hazing? And what are athletes’ perceptions of coaches’ and parents’ knowledge about and responses to hazing? Through out the article there are a variety of graphs that show the thoughts of students on their hazing experience. The student’s responses give a reader a good idea of why they are willing to be hazed. The study also gives positive feedback that allows society to see the actions being taken to prevent hazing.  The information given in the article helps society solve the problems associated with hazing. The article views all students equal when it comes to hazing. No student is more privileged than the other. There are stories world wide that involve the death of a minor due to hazing. The article gives specific information on why students fall into the pressures of hazing. There are also verbatim quotes on student’s opinions and feeling towards hazing. This is good because it demonstrates the authentic experiences of students who have been exposed to hazing. It is easier to relate to a victim than an expert’s opinion. The article in my opinion demonstrates how to react towards hazing and specific steps school administrators should take to prevent hazing. The article can inform Rhode Island by giving techniques on controlling hazing from a teacher’s standpoint.

DeWitt, D. M., & DeWitt, L. J. (2012). A Case of High School Hazing: Applying Restorative Justice to Promote Organizational Learning. NASSP Bulletin, 96(3), 228-242. doi:10.1177/0192636512452338 Retrieved December 1, 2013 from http://0-bul.sagepub.com.helin.uri.edu/content/96/3/228.full.pdf+html

 Douglas M. DeWitt and Lori J. DeWitt wrote an article on high school hazing. There is a case study analysis from a hazing incident that happened in large Upper Midwestern high school. There is also a follow up study of the school several years after the incident. A restorative justice program was also started and successfully enforced to address both the hazing incident in the high school and a school and community culture of acceptance and encouragement. There was a follow up study conducted 7 years after the original incident that proposed the behaviors and the cultures change. There was a theoretical context established that helped better understand the high school hazing situation. The goal of the leaders of the school organization was to change the actions and culture of the greater communities, and they wanted to do this by organizational learning. To give good background information the study discusses organizational learning theory through Senge’s five disciplines of a learning organization. The five disciplines are systems thinking, personal mastery, mental models, building shared vision, and team learning. This is a certain teaching technique used to help prevent hazing.  In my opinion the information in the article is beneficial to everyone who has been or is currently a victim of hazing. The information also provides school administrators with awareness of hazing. Also the information in this article informs the state of Rhode Island by simply thinking out side the box. Experts in this field of study have always tried to find a way to prevent hazing from occurring. The strategies that were being used are not as unique as organizational learning. Organizational learning opens the mind of accused culprits when involved with hazing. This method now gives us the perspective of both the victim and the alleged hazer in an organized manner. This kind of thinking can help lessen the hazing problems in Rhode Island. Rhode island can use a justice plan to reduce hazing because when a large amount of students agree and answer the questions, there can be various ways to prevent hazing.

Hosansky, D. (n.d.). Preventing hazing. Unpublished raw data,, Available from CQ Researcher. Retrieved December 1, 2013 from []

 The CQ researcher article is called Preventing Hazing, published by CQ Press, an Imprint of SAGE Publications, Inc. gives a variety of different situations of hazing. The article lists the issues due to hazing; there is a brief background information on hazing. The article answers the questions Can hazing be beneficial? Do people undergo hazing voluntarily? And can laws prevent hazing? All questions that help the nation understand hazing if they are not familiar with.There is a background section that goes over Greek hazing, sport hazing, and even military hazing. These types of hazing are what people go through in life. The article also gives ways to prevent hazing and violence. One way of change that I agree with is by enforcing the schools rules and holding the students responsible for their actions. In the article there are also graphs that help society understand the types of hazing and what things people endure while being hazed. The article also brings up legal measure on hazing and how it against the law.  The article gives a wide variety of hazing knowledge that the state of Rhode Island should take note of. A suggestion for Rhode Island is to collect data to figure out what kinds of students are more likely to break the zero tolerance rules. With this information the state of Rhode Island can identify the group of students that need more disciplinary action than others. The state can then come up with positive ways of helping students deal with hazing by setting rules. The issues of hazing and zero tolerance mentioned in the article can also give society an idea that everyone should be held accountable for their actions. There are state laws that specifically explain what hazing is. When the laws are broken safety procedures must be taken to protect the victims. In regards to the article there is no one higher than the law.

Tokar, K., & Stewart, C. (2010). Defining High School Hazing: Control Through Clarity. Physical Educator, 67(4), 204-208. Retrieved December 1, 2013 from [|http://0-web.ebscohost.com.helin.uri.edu/ehost/detail?sid=c7ca204f-9813-44f1-9f85-2ac0b1930ea0%40sessionmgr4004&vid=10&hid=4214&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=57391658]

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> Tokar Zrysztof, and Stewart Craig, wrote an article called, Defining High School Hazing: Control Through Clarity. A study was conducted to determine hazing that had existed in a high school in which former athletes were in introduction to coaching classes in a Northern Rocky Mountain state. Also in the article there was a survey given to one hundred and eighty-nine students that touch up on hazing topics. The questions asked help society get a better idea of what students have to go through, just to be accepted by their club, or sport. In the article there is also a way that hazing and rules are not used for bad but for the better. The coach set rules that students were not allowed to wear hats in the class. Rules such as this show students how to be respectful. The article also brings up a situation were a parent uses a hazing excuse to put his son in a better situation to play. The parent suggested that the coach was verbally and physically abusing the students. The parent wanted the coach to disciplined, by the coach being accused; the parent thought that his son would have an opportunity to play more. <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> The article can teach the state of Rhode Island that not all hazing is bad. As presented in the article, students vouchered for their coach when the alleged account of abuse were brought up. I think that it would be beneficial for Rhode Island to force coaches to make a form of positive hazing. Hazing from a coachs standpoint should make students more responsible just like the coach in the article. Coaches can make rules that make them better people and that can help athletes and students integrity. They wont be pressured to do the bad things that are usually associated with hazing. Rhode Island can also apply the data the article presents. The data helps people understand what people being hazed have to go through. The article holds everyone accountable for the hazing and it does not matter if the student is an athlete, or coach. Even if a coach is accused of hazing their players, the coach will get in trouble for it.